Calling All Men Over 40 请所有40岁以上的男性看过来
Enlargement of the prostate gland develops as a strictly age-related phenomenon in nearly all men, starting at about 40 years of age. About 50% of all men between the ages of 50 and 60 have BPH. Up to 90% of men over age 80 have BPH.
几乎所有的男性，从40岁左右开始就会发现前列腺增大的问题，这个现象是绝对跟年龄有关系的。 在50-60岁的男性中，约有50％患有前列腺增生症。 80岁以上的男性中，有90％是患有前列腺增生症的
The prostate is a part of male reproductive system. It is located below the bladder and in front of the rectum. The main function of the prostate is to make fluid for semen. The prostate goes around a tube called the urethra that carries urine from the bladder out through the penis. When the prostate enlarges, it squeezes down your urethra and cause narrowing of the urethra.
前列腺是男性生殖系统的一部分。 它位于膀胱下方和直肠前方。 前列腺的主要功能是为精液制造液体。 前列腺围绕称为尿道的管道，尿道将膀胱中的尿液通过阴茎排出。 当前列腺增大时，会挤压尿道而造成尿道狭窄
About 1/3 of men with enlarged prostate have lower urinary tract symptoms that interfere with their quality of life such as:
大约三分之一前列腺肥大的男性患有下泌尿道症候群，从而影响他们的生活质量：
- Difficulty urinating or cannot urinate at all 排尿困难或不能排尿
- Urinary frequency and urgency 尿频尿急
- Needing to get up frequently at night to urinate 晚上经常需要起床排尿
- Difficulty initiating the urinary stream 初始尿流困难
- Incomplete bladder emptying 膀胱排空不完全
- Dribbling after urination 排尿后滴沥
- Reduced force of urinary stream 减少尿流的力量
Although BPH does not cause prostate cancer, men at risk of BPH are also at risk for this disease and should be screened accordingly. Blood tests such as prostate specific antigen (PSA) if elevated maybe a sign of a larger-than-usual prostate and is also used as screening for prostate cancer; renal function test to check for kidney problems and urine test to look for infection.
尽管前列腺增生症不会导致前列腺癌，但有BPH风险的男性其实也有癌症的风险，因此应该进行身体健康筛查。 血液测试和尿液测试例如前列腺具体抗原（PSA）可作为比平常增大前列腺的标志和作为前列腺癌的一个指标; 肾功能检查以检查肾脏问题和尿检以寻找感染根源
Ultrasonography is useful for helping to determine bladder and prostate size and the degree of hydronephrosis/swelling of the kidney due to a build-up of urine (if any) in patients with urinary retention.
超声波检查有助于确定膀胱和前列腺的大小，以及由于尿液积聚（如果有）而导致的肾积水/肾肿胀程度。
Biopsy may be needed to rule out prostate cancer if indicated.
如果有必要，可进行细胞活检以判定前列腺癌
Treatment varies based on your age, health, the size of your prostate and how BPH affects you.
治疗的方法是根据您的年龄，健康状况，前列腺大小以及BPH如何影响您而有所不同
- Lifestyle changes 改变生活方式
– Do exercise to strengthen pelvis muscle 运动以加强骨盆肌肉
– Lower amount of fluids intake before bedtime 减少睡前饮水量
– Drink less caffeine and alcohol 少喝咖啡和酒 - Medicine 药物
– For mild to moderate BPH 适用于轻度至中度BPH
– Medication relaxes the muscle in your prostate and bladder 药物帮助放松前列腺和膀胱的肌肉 - Procedures 手术
– If the above don’t work 如果以上方法不起作用
– Minimally invasive where part of or all of your prostate is removed 使用量最少，因涉及到部分或全部前列腺被切除
