Hyperuricemia occurs when there is too much uric acid in the blood. Elevated uric acid level can cause severe pain and swelling in the joints. Gout is a form of acute arthritis that is caused by elevated uric acid level.
当血液中的尿酸过多时会导致高尿酸血症。尿酸水平过高会导致关节疼痛及肿胀。痛风是因尿酸水平升高所引起的急性关节炎。
Uric acid is formed when purines break down in your body. Normally, our body will excrete uric acid through urine. Hyperuricemia occurs when your body either makes too much uric acid or is unable to excrete enough of it. It usually happens because your kidneys aren’t excreting it quickly enough.
嘌呤在人体内分解时形成尿酸。它是人类嘌呤化合物的终末代谢产物。我们的身体通常会通过尿液排泄尿酸。当我们的身体产生过多的尿酸或肾脏减少排泄尿酸时，就会导致高尿酸血症。
Excess uric acid levels in your blood can lead to the formation of crystals. Although these can form anywhere in the body, they tend to form in and around your joints and in your kidneys. Your body’s defensive white blood cells may attack the crystals, causing inflammation and pain.
血液中过量的尿酸水平会导致晶体的形成。虽然这些晶体可以在身体的任何地方形成，但是它们会倾向于在关节和肾脏内及周围形成。我们身体里的防御性白血球可能会攻击这些晶体，引起发炎症和疼痛。
Some lifestyle changes should be made to decrease the risk of having hyperuricemia.
改善生活方式有助于降低患上高尿酸血症的风险。
- Managing weight and keep it in normal range / 维持正常的体重
- It is recommended to exercise regularly and managing weight in normal range.
建议定期做运动，并且维持正常的体重。
2. Avoid and limit alcohol intake / 避免或减少酒精的摄取
- alcohol especially beer (Limit to 1 drink 3 times a week)
酒精，尤其是啤酒（每周限制饮用1至3次）
- although liquor have low purine content, but studies showed that liquor increase the risk of gout. Most probably because alcohols disturb the metabolism of purine and excretion of uric acid.
虽然酒的嘌呤含量较低，但是有研究显示酒能够增加患上痛风的风险。这很可能是因为酒精会干扰嘌呤的代谢和尿酸的排泄。
3. Avoid and limit high-purine food intake / 避免或减少含高嘌呤食物的摄取量
- Remember that uric acid is formed when purines break down in your body. Although purine occurs naturally, it’s also present in certain foods. Avoiding these foods may be beneficial.
当嘌呤在我们的身体内分解会产生尿酸。虽然嘌呤是天然存在，但是它也存在于某些食物中。尽量减少含高嘌呤的食物对于降低患上高尿酸血症有帮助。
It is recommended that the purine intake should be between 100-150mg/day.
Foods are divided into three groups:
嘌呤的摄取量建议在100-150mg/天。我们的食物可分为以下3组：
- High purine content: These foods should be avoided.
高嘌呤含量：应避免食用这些食物
150 – 1000mg purine/100g
- Wild or farmed animal: Quail, hare, venison
野生或养殖的野禽：鹌鹑、野兔、鹿肉
- Organ meats: kidney, heart, liver, liver sausage, foie gras
动物内脏：肾脏、心脏、肝脏、肝香肠、鹅肝酱
- Extracts of meat and yeast: Brovil, Oxo, Marmite, Vegemite
肉精
- Seafood: Scallops, herrings, mackerel, trout, crayfish, lobster, fish roe, caviar
海鲜类：扇贝、鲱鱼、鲭鱼、鳟鱼、小龙虾（虾婆）、龙虾、鱼子、鱼子酱
- Small fish eaten whole or processed: Anchovies, sardines, Thai fish sauce
小鱼，整只吃或加工品：鳀鱼（江鱼仔）、沙丁鱼、泰国鱼露
- Moderate purine content: These foods should be taken in restricted amounts.
中等嘌呤含量：这些食物应限制食用
50-150mg purine/100g
- Cereal and cereal products: Wholemeal bread, oatmeal and pasta * Limit to 2/3 cup per day
谷类和谷类产品：全麦面包、燕麦片和意大利面食
*每天限制2/3杯
- Vegetables: Asparagus, mushroom, spinach, cauliflower, broccoli, kale, avocado *Limit to 1/2 cup per day
蔬菜：芦笋、蘑菇、菠菜、花椰菜、西兰花、羽衣甘蓝、鳄梨
*每天限量1/2杯
- Seafood: oyster, mussels, prawns, other fish (except above-mentioned)
海鲜类：牡蛎、贻贝、虾、其他鱼类（上述除外）
- Meat and poultry: Chicken, duck, turkey, goose, beef, lamb, pork
肉类和家禽：鸡肉、鸭肉、火鸡、鹅肉、牛肉、羊肉、猪肉
- Beans and lentils: soya beans, bean curd, tempeh, hummus, chickpeas, peanuts, peanut butter, cashew nuts
豆类和扁豆：大豆、豆腐、豆豉、豆沙、鹰嘴豆、花生、花生酱、腰果
- Low purine content: These foods can be taken without limits.
低嘌呤含量：这些食物可以不受限制地食用
0-50mg purine/100g
- Cereal and cereal products: Breads, rice, noodles, rice noodles, kuey teow, biscuits
谷类及谷类食品：面包、米饭、面条、米粉、粿条、饼干
- Vegetables: all vegetables (except mentioned above)
蔬菜（上述除外）
- Protein food: Milk and milk product, eggs, cheese
蛋白质食品：牛奶和奶制品、鸡蛋、奶酪
4. Drink adequate amount of water / 饮用足够的水
- Drink 6-8 glasses of fluids a day.
一天饮用6至8杯水。
- Avoid sugary drinks such as soft drinks. While these types of drinks don’t have high amounts of purines, they do contain significant amounts of fructose — which increases uric acid levels.
减少含糖饮料如汽水。虽然这些饮料不含大量的嘌呤，但是它们含有大量的果糖。这增加了尿酸水平。
