A healthy liver should contain little or no fat. Three decades ago, Dr. Ludwig first coined the term non- alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) to describe an entity characterized by fatty changes with lobular hepatitis and liver injury in the absence of a history of alcoholism. It is a metabolic disorder, ranging from steatosis with no injury to NASH and NAFLD associated cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. NASH associated cirrhosis accounts for approximately 13% of all cases of hepatocellular carcinoma.
一个健康的肝脏理应只含有很少或甚至没有脂肪。三十年前，路德维希博士首先提出非酒精性脂肪性肝炎（NASH）这一术语来描述一种在没有酒精中毒史为特征的情况下，肝脏的脂肪发生变化而导致小叶肝炎及肝损伤。它是一种代谢紊乱症，从无杀伤力的脂肪变性，变化到与NASH和NAFLD相关的肝硬化和肝细胞癌。 与NASH有关的肝硬化比例占所有肝细胞癌的13％。
Non- alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common liver disease worldwide. The prevalence is rising rapidly due to ongoing epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes. The prevalence in the morbidly obese population is about 75-90% and up to 17% in children and adolescents may be affected with NAFLD.
非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）已成为全球最常见的肝病。由于肥胖和第二型糖尿病的普及化，导致此发病率迅速攀高。在病态肥胖人群中，此发病率约为75-90％。有高达17％的儿童和青少年可能受到NAFLD的影响。
Stages of NAFLD
非酒精性脂肪性肝病的发展阶段
1) Simple fatty liver (steatosis) 脂肪肝
– Build- up of fat in the liver cells 脂肪堆积在肝细胞
2) Non- alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) 非酒精性脂肪性肝炎
– Liver becomes inflamed 肝脏发炎
– More serious 相较严重
3) Fibrosis 肝纤维化
– Persistent inflammation causing scar tissue around the liver and blood vessels
持续性炎症引起肝脏和血管周围结疤
4) Cirrhosis 肝硬化
– Most severe stage when liver shrinks and is scarred
当肝萎缩和结疤时就是最严重的阶段
– Damage is permanent and can lead to liver failure and liver cancer
导致永久性的损伤，可导致肝衰竭和肝癌
You are at risk of NAFLD if you:
如果你有以下情况，你有患上NAFLD的风险：
1) Are obese or overweight痴肥或过胖
2) Have Type 2 diabetes 患有第二型糖尿病
3) Have high blood pressure患有高血压
4) Have high cholesterol患有高胆固醇
5) Are over age 50 years old 50岁以上
6) Are smoker吸烟者
How is it diagnosed?
如何诊断？
1) Blood test – Liver function test 血液检查- 肝功能检测
2) Ultrasound scan 超声波扫描
3) Fibro scan 纤维化扫描
4) Liver biopsy 肝脏活检
Treatment 治疗
Currently there is no specific medication for NAFLD.
You need to make healthy lifestyle changes such as:
目前并没有针对NAFLD的药物。 你需要改变生活方式，如：
1) Lose weight 减重
2) Eat a healthy and balanced diet high in fruits, vegetables, protein and carbohydrates but low in fat, sugar and salt
摄取健康，均衡的饮食。这包含了丰富的水果，蔬菜，蛋白质和碳水化合物，低脂肪，低糖和低盐含量的食物
3) Exercise regularly – Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate intensity activity such as walking and cycling in a week
定期运动，目标是至少每星期150分钟的中强度活动，如步行和骑自行车
4) Stop smoking 戒烟
5) Cut down or stop drinking alcohol (NAFLD is not caused by alcohol but drinking makes it worse)
减少或停止饮酒（虽NAFLD不是由酒精引起，但饮酒会使情况恶化）
