Obesity has become widespread in our world today. According to WHO, worldwide obesity has almost tripled since 1975. This is worrisome as obesity is the leading cause of non-communicable diseases such as hypertension, diabetes type 2 and heart problem. These days, various types of diet have been improvised in order to combat this problem, with some of them causing rapid weight loss.
肥胖在现在已经很普遍。据世界卫生组织称，自 1975 年以来，全球肥胖人数几乎增加了两倍。这事令人担忧，因为肥胖是高血压、2 型糖尿病和心脏病等非传染性疾病的主要因素。这些天来，为了解决这个问题，各种类型的饮食已经被即兴发挥，其中一些会导致体重迅速下降。
Rapid weight loss is defined as losing more than 1 kg per week over several weeks. This is normally achieved through consuming very few calories (<800 kcal/day). While it might be tempting to be able to lose, say, 10 kg in just 1 month, it comes with several possible risks. Today, in this article, we are going to discuss on the dangers of drastic weight loss.
快速减肥被定义为在数周内每周减掉超过 1 公斤。这通常是通过消耗很少的卡路里（<800 kcal/天）来实现的。虽然在短短 1 个月内减掉 10 公斤可能很诱人，但它也带来了一些可能性的风险。今天，在这篇文章中，我们将讨论快速减肥的危险。
- Gallstones / 胆结石
Rapid weight loss can cause formation of gallstones in the gallbladder, which, if untreated, may cause blockage, inflammation, and rupture. This is as rapid weight loss increase cholesterol content in the bile as fats are utilized and disposed of the body. Low calorie intake can also cause reduced formation of bile and decreased contractions of the gallbladder, leading to gallstones.
快速减肥会导致胆囊内形成胆结石，如果不及时治疗，可能会导致阻塞、炎症和破裂。这就像快速减肥会增加胆汁中的胆固醇含量一样，因为脂肪会被利用和处理掉。低热量摄入也会导致胆汁形成减少和胆囊收缩减少，从而导致胆结石。
- Low muscle mass / 肌肉量低
While some research found that there is no difference in weight gain between those who lose weight rapidly or those who lose slowly, those with rapid weight loss lose greater amount of muscle mass in comparison to those who did so gradually. This is as the calorie deficit causes the body to break down muscle to provide energy and fuel for the body. In turn, this cause reduced balance, poor posture and weakness.
虽然一些研究发现，快速减肥的人和缓慢减肥的人之间的体重增加并没有差异，但与逐渐减肥的人相比，快速减肥的人减少了更多的肌肉量。这是因为卡路里不足会导致身体分解肌肉为身体提供能量和燃料。反之，这会导致平衡下降、姿势不良和虚弱。
- Slowed-down metabolism / 新陈代谢减慢
Muscles need higher energy to build and to maintain in comparison to fat, therefore it significantly contributes to our body’s resting metabolic rate (the rate at which our body burn energy while in resting state). Muscle is also involved in many involuntary body actions such as shivering. Since drastic weight loss can cause reduction in muscle mass, your metabolism will also slow down, and you burn less calorie in a day.
与脂肪相比，肌肉需要更高的能量来构建和维持，因此它有助于我们身体的静息代谢率即我们身体在静息状态下燃烧能量的速度。肌肉也参与了许多非自愿的身体动作，例如颤抖。由于剧烈减肥会导致肌肉量减少，你的新陈代谢也会减慢，你一天燃烧的卡路里也会减少。
- High uric acid / 高尿酸
Rapid weight loss results in fast degradation of body cells, resulting in rapid increase of uric acids in the body. This increases the risk of developing complications such as gout and kidney stones. In a person with gout, rapid weight loss can even cause gout attack.
快速减肥会使身体细胞快速降解，进而导致体内尿酸快速增加。这会增加患痛风和肾结石等并发症的风险。在痛风患者中，快速减肥甚至会导致痛风发作。
- Dehydration / 脱水
When a person lose weight too quickly, they are mainly losing water weight instead of fat. Furthermore, diet that restricts carbohydrate excessively cause the emptying of glycogen storage in the body to produce energy, which holds water. This can lead to dehydration, which symptoms include headache, constipation, and fatigue.
当一个人快速减肥时，他们主要是在减少水分而不是减少脂肪。此外，过度限制碳水化合物的饮食会导致体内保持水分而储存的糖原排空以产生能量。这可能导致脱水，其症状包括头痛、便秘和疲劳。
- Malnutrition / 营养不良
To achieve weight loss drastically, some major nutrient sources such as carbohydrate, protein and fat can be restricted or eliminated. This can result in malnutrition. For instance, carbohydrate, along as a source of energy, also provides fibre, vitamins, and minerals. Missing carbohydrates in the diet means losing all these important nutrition. A person may even experience hyponatremia (low sodium in blood), hypokalaemia (low potassium in blood), low blood pressure, reduced bone density and hypoglycaemia as a result of excessive energy restriction and inadequate nutrition to produce rapid weight loss.
为了大幅度减轻体重，可以限制或消除一些主要的营养来源，如碳水化合物、蛋白质和脂肪。这可能导致营养不良。例如，碳水化合物作为能量来源，还提供纤维、维生素和矿物质。饮食中缺少碳水化合物意味着失去所有这些重要的营养。一个人甚至可能会出现低钠血症即血液中的钠含量低、低钾血症即血液中的钾含量低、低血压、骨密度降低和低血糖症，这是由于过度能量限制和营养不足而导致体重迅速下降。
To conclude, unless under the supervision of healthcare providers, one should not engage in any dietary methods that can induce drastic weight loss.
总而言之，除非在医生或饮食治疗师的监督下，否则不应采用任何可能导致体重急速下降的饮食方法。
